Development of Chronic Diabetic Complications and Role of Porphyrin Derivatives in Reducing Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The development of chronic complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause premature death mainly via cardiovascular disease and other chronic complications. It is known from previous studies that Acetylcholinesterase activity of the erythrocyte cell membrane increases in Diabetic patients. High levels of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme concentration can lead to a decrease in the levels of Acetylcholine that can result in the development of inflammation in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This twofold study first aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Arar (Saudi Arabia).It found that the overall prevalence of neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and diabetic foot ulcer were 28.4%, 36.6%, 15.9% and 10.4% respectively. The second part of the study aimed to test the effect of Porphyrin derivatives, Tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (TPPS), 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) Chloride (FeTPPS) and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato Iron(III) nitrosyl Chloride (FeNOTPPS), on Acetylcholinesterase activity by a laboratory-based investigation. The results showed that all of the compounds, TPPS, FeTPPS and FeNOTPPS, are inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro.